Rather, batterers gained power and control in the relationship as an outcome of those behaviors.īy 1984, Pence, Paymar, and McDonnell concluded that identifying positive and not just negative behaviors in their training program for batterers could help men to change. The battered women did not identify a desire for power or control as motivating their partners to engage in these behaviors. The wheel was based on women’s experience in heterosexual relationships. Nor will all empirical cases correspond exactly to the wheel. It is not intended to capture every tactic of control, just primary tactics. It helps people see the patterns in behavior and their significance. Over the weeks, the designers revised and adjusted the graphic until the groups of women were satisfied that the wheel captured their experience of living with a violent abuser.
Less recognized but equally significant were other tactics of power, including money, the children, emotional and psychological put-downs, undermining self-esteem and other social relationships, constant criticism of women’s mothering, intimidation, and various forms of expressing male privilege. As the designers probed, women began to talk about the tactics their partners used to control them. That is, the lived experience of what actually goes on in a battering relationship needed to be recognized and exposed. These women were asked, “What do you want taught in court-ordered groups for men who batter?” Their answers spoke to the need to bring the complex reality of battering out into the open. It was developed out of the experiences of battered women attending support and educational groups in the working-class town of Duluth, Minnesota. Provided by the New York State Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and based on the Power and Control Model developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, Duluth, Minnesota.The graphic was created in 1982 by Pence, McDonnell, and Paymar as part of a curriculum for a court-ordered program for batterers. not letting her know about or have access to family income.preventing her from getting or keeping a job.being the one to define men’s and women’s roles.making her feel guilty about the children.shifting responsibility for abusive behavior.making light of the abuse and not taking her concerns about it seriously.controlling what she does, who she sees, and talks to, what she reads, where she goes.making her afraid by using looks, actions, gestures.threatening to leave her, to commit suicide, to report her to welfare.making and/or carrying out threats to do something to hurt her.The various forms of abuse, the different behaviors, are used a tactics of control.Įxamples of the various forms of abuse are: Using Coercion and Threats This goal reflects their belief that they have a right and entitlement to control their intimate partners. The goal of abusers’ behavior is to exert control over their partners.
The Power and Control model of Domestic Violence identifies power and control as the goal of all of these tactics of abuse because victims’ experiences consistently indicate that the behavior of their partners is not random or arbitrary, but purposeful and systematic. These forms of abuse do not occur in isolation from each other, but rather occur simultaneously. The Power and Control Perspective Wheel ( English) ( Spanish) A Power and Control Perspective Wheel – Text Descriptionĭomestic violence involves a range of behaviors which can include physical and sexual violence using coercion and threats using intimidation using emotional abuse, using isolation minimizing, denying and blaming using children using male privilege and using economic abuse.
The Wheel documents the abusive behaviors to which these women were most frequently subjected. The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (Duluth, Minnesota) developed the Power and Control Wheel following multiple focus groups with domestic violence survivors. For more videos see A Power and Control Perspective Wheel – Explanation (Videos)
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